Psychometric properties of a Turkish version of the social activities scale for community-dwelling older people requiring support.

BACKGROUND: Social activities decelerate the deterioration of mental capacity in older people and improve their physical and psychosocial health. Valid and reliable measurement tools are needed to determine the social activity status of older people and plan health services to protect their mental health. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to adapt the Social Activities Scale for Community-Dwelling Older People Requiring Support (SASOS) into Turkish. METHODS: This methodological study was conducted in Northern Cyprus between January and June 2022. Convenience sampling was used to recruit 155 community-dwelling older people who needed support. Expert opinion, item-content validity index, and scale-content validity index were used to evaluate content validity. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability tests were used to evaluate reliability. Exploratory factor analysis was used to evaluate construct validity. The Loneliness Scale for Elderly was used to evaluate concurrent validity. RESULTS: The Cronbach's alpha of SASOS was 0.90. Additionally, correlation coefficients of all items ranged between 0.61 and 0.79. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a three-factor structure. 'Interactions with friends and neighbors' was the factor that explained the highest variance (46%). There was a negative, weak, and statistically significant relationship between the scores obtained from the social loneliness subscale of LSE and all three subscales of SASOS. CONCLUSIONS: The Turkish version of SASOS is a valid, reliable instrument to evaluate social activities in community-dwelling older people who needed support. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The SASOS has been identified as a valuable measure for assessing the social support needs of older individuals. It serves as a guide for both planning and evaluating interventions to enhance their health.

Self-care of hypertension of older adults during COVID-19 lockdown period: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 pandemic has aggravated chronic diseases and health disparities especially hypertension because it is more common among vulnerable populations such as older adults. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the effects of a public health nursing intervention plus m-Health applications for hypertension management on enhancing the self-care, systolic and diastolic of blood pressure, and quality of life in older adults during the lockdown period in Jordan. METHODS: A randomized, controlled trial design was performed in Jordan. A total of 120 participants were randomly allocated to three groups (n = 40); interventional group (public health nursing interventions plus m.Health applications) and two control groups (m.Health applications alone group and standard care group). RESULTS: After 3 months, the interventional group show significantly decreased in systolic blood pressure - 14 (F = 16.74, P = 0.001), greater improvement in self-care maintenance, monitoring, and confidence (+ 30, + 17.75, + 40.27; P < 0.01, respectively) compared to the two control groups. Greater improvement in role limitations due to physical health and due to emotional problems, pain, energy/fatigue, emotional well-being, and social functioning of quality of life (P < 0.05) compared to the standard care group. No statistical significant difference was found in diastolic blood pressure (F = 3.91, P = 0.141), physical functioning (P = 0.613), and general quality of life (P = 0.060). CONCLUSIONS: This study supports the adoption of technology with nursing intervention as a method of supporting continuity of self-management of chronic illness during the pandemic, and its potential implications for future delivery of health care, not just in Jordan, but across the world. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical Trial.gov (ID NCT04992000 ). Registered August 12, 2021.

The effect of nursing interventions on immigrant women living in Northern Cyprus on their breastfeeding self-efficacy and success: a randomized controlled trial.

This study was conducted as a randomized controlled study to determine the effect of nursing interventions, which were based on Dennis's Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Theory and Pender's Health Promotion Model during home visits, on the breastfeeding self-efficacy and success of immigrant women living in Northern Cyprus. The sample consisted of N = 60 primipar immigrant women (experimental group n = 30, control group n = 30) who attended a primary healthcare center in Northern Cyprus between April 2019 and January 2020. The data were collected from the participants using a Socio-Demographic Questionnaire, the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale and the LATCH Breastfeeding Assessment Tool. Before the study, no statistically significant difference was found between two groups in terms of breastfeeding self-efficacy and the LATCH assessment (p > 0.05). After the intervention, the mean score for the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale increased by 9.73 in the experimental group and 3.16 in the control group compared to before the study, and the effect size was found to be 6.57. The score for the LATCH assessment increased by 3.2 in the experimental group and 1.44 in the control group, and the effect size was found to be 1.76 (p < 0.05).

Musculoskeletal Pain, Related Factors, and Posture Profiles Among Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study From Turkey.

PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to evaluate musculoskeletal pain due to mechanical reasons and related risk factors in adolescents and to define posture profiles of adolescents. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. METHODS: The study was conducted with 2221 adolescents between February 2015 and May 2015. The questionnaire used to collect data consisted of three parts: (1) descriptive characteristics of the participants, (2) pain assessment of 14 parts of the body, and (3) Back Pain and Body Posture Evaluation Instrument (BackPEI). RESULTS: The prevalence of low back pain among the participants was 73.3% (n = 1,343), while the prevalence of back pain was 68.4% (n = 1,254). The participants attributed their pain to their poor sitting postures at school (38.1%, n = 847) and carrying school backpacks (84.1%, n = 1,713). There was a statistically significant difference in the physical activities of adolescents and the BackPEI score (z = 4.40; p = .001). Posture factors of the BackPEI score increased while school desk comfort score increased (Spearman's rho = 0.148; p = .001), but it decreased while the school grades of the adolescents increased (Spearman's rho [ρ] = -0.161; p = .001). CONCLUSIONS: According to this study, body posture was related to musculoskeletal pain and was correlated with physical activities, school desk comfort, and school grades of the adolescents. It is suggested that correct posture and ergonomic positions should be taught to adolescents when using computers, carrying school backpacks, and sitting in school chairs to prevent musculoskeletal pain.

Cross-Cultural Adaptation, Validity, and Reliability of the Arabic Version of the Self-care of Hypertension Inventory Scale Among Older Adults.

BACKGROUND: Self-care is considered as the best method of blood pressure control. Because the prevalence of hypertension in Arab countries is high and continuously increasing through the years, more attention is needed to evaluate patients' self-care for hypertension, to enable further studies to develop the appropriate intervention. The Self-care of Hypertension Inventory (SC-HI) is a scale that has been developed to measure the maintenance, monitoring, and management of a person with hypertension. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the SC-HI scale among older adults. METHODS: A cross-cultural adaptation process was used, where structural validity was assessed through factor analysis and interobserver agreement using Cohen κ. The reliability of internal consistency was determined through Cronbach's α and scale item correlation. Test-retest examined the interclass correlation and was tested by paired t test. RESULTS: The mean age of our sample is 63 ± 7.8 years, and most were educated (illiterate patients, 14%). Some modification was done for the scale items. Item-level content validity index ranged between 0.85 and 1, and average scale-level content validity was 0.96. Interobserver adjustment showed high agreement. Cronbach's α was 0.89. Test-retest reliability showed no differences (t = -0.298, P = 0,767), and interclass correlation was 0.85 (95% confidence interval, 0.078-0.90; P < .01). Factor analysis extracted 2, 3, and 1 signal factors for maintenance, management, and confidence subscales, respectively. CONCLUSION: The adapted Arabic version of SC-HI scale is shown to be valid and reliable among older adults. Further studies are need for further reliability analyses among large groups from various Arab countries.

The effects of wellness coaching on the wellness and health behaviors of early adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the impact of a wellness coaching program on the health behaviors of eighth-grade students. DESIGN AND SAMPLE: The study population comprised 132 adolescents (Wellness Coaching Group n = 33, Health Education Group n = 33, Control Group n = 66). METHODS: A pretest/posttest randomized controlled study was used. Students completed a demographic information form, the Five-Factor Wellness Scale-Adolescent Form (5F-Wellness-AF) and the Adolescent Lifestyle Scale (ALPS). The wellness coaching program of group education, individual consulting, physical activity, and health education was provided for 12 weeks. RESULTS: The data indicated a significant difference in the total 5F-Wellness-AF and ALPS scores after the program. No statistically significant difference was observed in the total scores of the two scales for the Health Education Group, while the Control Group's 5F-Wellness-AF mean score declined after the intervention. At the beginning of the study, 15.2% of students in the wellness coaching program were overweight; this percentage decreased to 9.1% at the end of the study. CONCLUSIONS: This wellness coaching program significantly increased the wellness of adolescents and improved their healthy lifestyle behaviors. This program can be used together with health education provided by a public health nurse.

NOC/NIC Linkages to NANDA-I for Continence Care of Elderly People with Urinary Incontinence in Nursing Homes: A Systematic Review.

AIM: The aim of this study was to review interventional studies conducted by nurses about elderly people with urinary incontinence in nursing homes and to match the results to standardized nursing terminology using the Nursing Interventions Classification and the Nursing Outcomes Classification Linkages to the NANDA-I diagnoses guidelines. METHOD: A systematic review of quantitative intervention studies was conducted using the PRISMA statement as a guide. The interventional research in English was scanned using the MEDLINE and CINAHL databases from January 2005 to May 2015. Fourteen studies that had at least one nurse researcher were conducted in nursing homes, excluding surgical and pharmacological interventions. The Nursing Outcome Classification and Nursing Intervention Classification Linkages to NANDA-I diagnoses and the Clinical Conditions Part II-U List were used as a guide to select North American Nursing Diagnosis Association International nursing diagnoses, Nursing Outcome Classification Scales, and Nursing Interventions from the data. RESULTS: We found the frequency of use of various NANDA-I diagnoses, Nursing Interventions, and Nursing Outcomes based on the Nursing Outcomes Classification and Nursing Interventions Classification Linkages to NANDA-I diagnoses and the Clinical Conditions List for incontinence. CONCLUSION: Using the Nursing Outcomes Classification and Nursing Interventions Classification Linkages to NANDA-I diagnoses guide may provide new nursing perspectives on non-standardized research. In future studies, this may allow a comparison of data worldwide, enabling nurses to use the results in evidence-based practices.

Abstinence-Related Motivational Engagement Scale: Validity and Reliability in Turkish People.

OBJECTIVES: This research aimed to conduct a validity and reliability study of the Turkish version of the abstinence-related motivational engagement (ARME) scale. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 122 people and was administered in a smoking cessation clinic. The sociodemographic-smoking status characteristics questionnaire and the ARME scale were used for data collection. A psycholinguistic language adaptation was performed. In the validity, analyses, content, construct, and criterion-related validities were used. For content validity, expert evaluation was performed. For construct validity, principal component analyses (exploratory factor analyses) were performed. Orthogonal (Varimax) rotation was used to explore multiple factors. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test was used to assess the adequacy of the sample size. For criterion-related validity, we compared the ARME scale points of people who were abstinent and had relapse for smoking at the end of the sixth month. In the reliability analysis, standard deviation (SD) and item analysis, internal consistency, and test-retest methods were used. RESULTS: The four factors explain 58% of the total variance. Items have factor loading between 0.409 and 0.805. When the factor structure of the scale was assessed, the items in each factor group have a factor load of at least "0.40." Due to one-dimensional use of the original scale, it has been decided to maintain this scale in its original form. The ARME scale points of people who quit smoking were statistically higher than the points of people who had relapse at the end of the sixth month. Cronbach's alpha coefficients were between 0.846 and 0.763. Significant and positive correlation was found between the test-retest scale scores. CONCLUSION: The Turkish adaptation of the ARME scale, which was developed for adults who quitted smoking, is an adequately valid and reliable measurement instrument. It is considered that the scale might be used reliably in different cultures as well.

Evaluation of the Efficiency of the Nursing Care Plan Applied Using NANDA, NOC, and NIC Linkages to Elderly Women with Incontinence Living in a Nursing Home: A Randomized Controlled Study.

PURPOSE: Evaluate the efficiency of the nursing care plan, applied with the use of NANDA-I, NOC, and NIC (NNN) linkages, for elderly women with incontinence who live in nursing homes. METHODS: A randomized controlled experimental design was applied. NNN linkages were prepared and applied for 12 weeks in an experimental group. NOC scales were evaluated again for two groups. RESULTS: A 0.5 NOC point change targeted in all elderly in the experimental group were provided between pretest-posttest scores. The experimental group had higher life quality and lower incontinence severity/symptoms than the control group. CONCLUSION: It is important that NNN linkages effective for solving the problems are used in different groups and with larger samples to create further evidence linking NNN.

Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Patients with Gynecologic Cancer: a Systematic Review.

PURPOSE: Research carried out with gynecologic cancer patients using CAM was reviewed to provide a source for discussing which CAM method is used for which purpose, patients' perceptions on the effects/side effects occurred during/after using CAM and their sources of information regarding CAM. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This literature review was carried out for the period between January 2000 and March 2015 using Scopus, Dynamed, Med-Line, Science Direct, Ulakbim, Research Starters, Ebscohost, Cinahl Complete, Academic Onefile, Directory of Open Access Journals, BMJ Online Journals (2007-2009), Ovid, Oxford Journal, Proquest Hospital Collection, Springer-Kluwer Link, Taylor and Francis, Up To Date, Web Of Science (Citation Index), Wiley Cochrane-Evidence Base, Wiley Online Library, and Pub-Med search databases with "complementary and alternative medicine, gynecologic cancer" as keywords. After searching through these results, a total of 12 full length papers in English were included. RESULTS: CAM use in gynecologic cancer patients was discussed in 8 studies and CAM use in breast and gynecologic cancer patients in 4. It was determined that the frequency of CAM use varies between 40.3% and 94.7%. As the CAM method, herbal medicines, vitamins/minerals were used most frequently in 8 of the studies. When the reasons why gynecologic cancer patients use CAM are examined, it is determined that they generally use to strengthen the immune system, reduce the side effects of cancer treatment and for physical and psychological relaxation. In this review, most of the gynecologic cancer patients perceived use of CAM as beneficial. CONCLUSIONS: In order that the patients obtain adequate reliable information about CAM and avoid practices which may harm the efficiency of medical treatment, it is recommended that "Healthcare Professionals" develop a common language.

Evaluation of the efficacy of an exercise program for pregnant women with low back and pelvic pain: a prospective randomized controlled trial.

AIM: To evaluate the effect of exercise programs on pregnant women with pregnancy-related low back and pelvic pain. BACKGROUND: Low back and pelvic pain during pregnancy is a major health problem due to its frequent occurrence and such pain can limit pregnant women in many of their daily activities. DESIGN: A randomized trial with a control group (n = 48) and an intervention group (n = 48). Trial registration number NCT02189356. METHODS: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, between December 2011-May 2012, an Education and Research Hospital in Turkey. Based on the intention-to-treat principle, all pregnant women were analysed according to the group they were assigned to, regardless of whether they received the intervention or not. Participants in the intervention group received health counselling and exercised regarding low back and pelvic pain for four weeks. The pregnant women in the control group received usual care, comprised of routine clinical practice for pregnancy-related low back and pelvic pain. RESULTS: According to Mann-Whitney U test analysis results, there was a statistically significant difference between the control and intervention groups' Visual Analogue Scale during relaxation scores and Visual Analogue Scale during activity scores at the end of the study. According to Mann-Whitney U test analysis results, the change in the mean Oswestry Disability Index score for the intervention group and the difference in the mean scores between the two groups was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: A four-week exercise program including individualized health counselling to relieve low back and pelvic pain improved the functional status in pregnant women.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of testicular cancer and testicular self-examination training for patient care personnel: intervention study.

Testicular cancer (TC) is the most common malignancy among men aged 15-35 years. Testicular self-examination (TSE) is an important tool for preventing late-stage TC diagnoses. This study aimed to assess health beliefs and knowledge related to TC and TSE and the effectiveness of TC and TSE training for patient care staff in a hospital. This was a prospective, randomized, controlled intervention study. The study included 96 patient care staff divided into two groups of 48 participants each: Group I, the interactive education group, and Group II, the pamphlet education group. The results demonstrated that TSE practice and TC knowledge significantly increased in both Group I and Group II. Significant differences were observed between the groups pre and post education. TSE and TC knowledge levels were higher for participants in Group I than those in Group II. There was a significant difference in the performance of TSEs between groups: the rates were 83.3% in Group I and 54.2% in Group II. Perceived confidence and perceived barriers increased significantly for both groups. Interactive education sessions should be used to train men at risk for TC to perform TSEs.

Evaluation of breast self-examination (BSE) application in first and second degree relatives of patients with breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine beliefs concerning breast self-examination in first- and second-degree relatives of patients with breast cancer and evaluate their breast self-examination (BSE) application. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A survey study was conducted in an oncology polyclinic and general surgery clinic of a hospital in Ankara, the capital of Turkey with a sample of 140 women. RESULTS: It was determined that 60.7% of the participants had conducted BSE and 48.1% had undergone a clinical breast examination. Perceived self- efficacy of the women who performed BSE were significantly higher compared with women who did not practice BSE (p<0.001) Furthermore, perceived barriers were lower among those who had performed BSE (p<0.001). Logistic regression analysis indicated that women who perceived higher self-efficacy (OR: 1.119, 95% CI: 1.056- 1.185, p<0.001) and had regular CBE (OR: 8.250, 95% CI: 3.140-21.884, p<0.001) and educational status (OR: 5.287, 95% CI: 1.480-18.880, p<0.01) were more likely to perform BSE. CONCLUSIONS: Findings from this study indicated that perceived barriers, perceived self-efficacy, and educational status could be predictors of BSE behavior among the first- and second-degree relatives of patients with breast cancer. Therefore, BSE training programs that emphasize self-efficacy and address perceived barriers are recommended.

Determining the awareness of and compliance with breast cancer screening among Turkish residential women.

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women. Despite being associated with high morbidity and mortality, breast cancer is a disease that can be diagnosed and treated early. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study of 321 women, data were collected by Questionnaire, Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Form and Champion's Health Belief Model Scale. Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, Chi- squared tests and logistic regression were used in the statistical analysis. RESULTS: It was found that only 2.2% of women have high and very high risk levels of breast cancer risk. There is a positive correlation between early diagnosis techniques and Health Belief Model Sub-Dimension scores which are sensibility, health motivation, BSE (Breast self-examination) self-efficient perception and negative correlation between mammography barrier score and BSE barrier score (p 0.05). When factors for not having BSE were examined, it was determined that the women who do not have information about breast cancer and the women who smoke have a higher risk of not having BSE. CONCLUSIONS: It is important to determine health beliefs and breast cancer risk levels of women to increase the frequency of early diagnosis. Women's health beliefs are thought to be a good guide for planning health education programs for nurses working in this area.

Effect of health education about cervical cancer and papanicolaou testing on the behavior, knowledge, and beliefs of Turkish women.

BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer is the second most common form of cancer observed among women in Turkey. The participation of women in cervical cancer screening programs is strongly affected by Turkish attitudes, beliefs, and sociocultural structure. AIM: This study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of health education that aimed to raise awareness about Papanicolaou testing and to emphasize the importance of the early diagnosis of cervical cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted as a prospective, randomized, controlled trial and was carried out in 148 women. Seventy-five women in the control group were asked to fill out questionnaire forms. A 45-minute conference-style training was given to 73 women in the study group, and all of the subjects were asked to fill out the forms after the training. The sociodemographic characteristics of the 2 groups and the mean "Health Belief Model Scale for Cervical Cancer and Pap Smear Test" scores of the 2 groups were statistically analyzed by Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS), version 15. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference noticed between the sociodemographic characteristics of the 2 groups (P > 0.05). The difference in test scores, which represented knowledge about cervical cancer and Papanicolaou testing, was statistically significant between the control group and the study group (t = 10.122, P < 0.05). In the Health Belief Model Scale for Cervical Cancer and Pap Smear Test, there were statistically significant differences in the following measures: lower levels of susceptibility to cervical cancer score (t = -2.035, P < 0.05), lower levels of perceived benefit from a Papanicolaou test score (t = 3.278, P < 0.05) and lower levels of perceived barriers to Papanicolaou test score (t = -3.182, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Nurses should be involved in educating women about cervical cancer and Papanicolaou testing. By doing so, they can change the attitudes, knowledge, and beliefs of the women.

Knowledge, behavior and beliefs related to cervical cancer and screening among Turkish women.

OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to explore Turkish women's knowledge, behavior and beliefs related to cervical cancer and screening. METHODS: The study was performed in two cities in the East of Turkey between September 2009 and April 2010, with a sampling group of 387 women. Data were collected by means of an interview form with the Health Belief Model Scale for Cervical Cancer and Pap Smear Test - Turkish Version. RESULTS: Women in the research group were found to have poor knowledge, inadequate health behavior and low/medium level false beliefs regarding cervical cancer screening. There was relation between health beliefs and characteristics of women and particularly education (F = 10.80, p = 0.01). Similarly, it was found that Pap smear barriers were influenced by demographic characteristics and that women with low-level education (p = 0.001), divorced women (p = 0.05), women with low-income(p = 0.05), women who gave their first birth when they were 18 or younger (p = 0.05) and women not applying any contraceptive method at all (p = 0.01) were determined to have negative Pap smear barriers. CONCLUSIONS: Primarily the knowledge, attitudes and beliefs of women in the target group should be evaluated to increase their participation in cervical cancer screening and to prepare effective education strategies.